По статистике ежегодно инсультом заболевает 300 тысяч человек. Из них 30% умирает сразу, 45% умирает к концу первого года, 13% остаются инвалидами и лишь 12 % возвращаются к нормальной жизни.
Оказывается, если вовремя его заметить и оказать правильно первую помощь, до того момента, когда в мозгах начнутся необратимые процессы, а это первые 3-6 часов после инсульта, то это на 60% способствует выздоровлению больного.
Инсульт — это нарушение кровообращения головного мозга из-за сужения или закупорки его сосудов тромбом или сгустком.
Инсульты подразделяются на ишемические — из-за сужения сосуда головного мозга, питающего определенный его участок , в результате чего происходит отмирание тканей этого участка головного мозга и геморрагические — разрыв сосуда из-за закупорки его тромбом и кровоизлияние в мозг.
Ишемические инсульты чаще возникают у людей среднего и старшего возраста, а геморрагические — у молодых людей.
Ишемические инсульты, в свою очередь, делятся на тромботические — это когда просвет сосуда закупоривается тромбом и неотромботические — когда происходит резкий спазм сосуда.
Как же распознать инсульт?
Признаки геморрагического инсульта:
1. Очень сильная головная боль, часто в одной половине головы.
2. Потеря сознания и судороги.
3. Резкое повышение температуры тела.
4. Покраснение лица.
5. Рвота.
6. Хриплое дыхание.
Когда человек приходит в себя — у него оказываются парализованными конечности. Причем, если паралич разбил правую сторону, то у человека будет нарушена речь. А если левую, то из-за поражения мозга развиваются психические отклонения и человек перестает узнавать своих близких.
Очень важно в первые 3 -6 часов оказать грамотно первую помощь пострадавшему от инсульта. Это на 60% может помочь ему выздороветь и вернуться к нормальной жизни. Важно знать, что если человек потерял сознание — его нельзя поднимать, а нужно положить его на бок, растегнуть ворот, подложить что-нибудь под голову и засунуть ему между зубами сложенную салфетку или чистый носовой платок. А также постоянно вытирать пену, выделяющуюся изо рта, чтобы она не попала в дыхательные пути. Не применять нашатырь, т.к. человек может задохнуться.
Если у него не прощупывается пульс или остановилось дыхание — надо срочно проводить непрямой массаж сердца и делать искусственное дыхание способом «рот в рот» , т.е. 5 нажатий основанием ладони на грудину — один вдох, и т.д.
Если же человек в сознании, то его нужно успокоить уложить на ровную поверхность, подложив что-нибудь под голову, и нужно дать выпить или сделать внутремышечный укол ноотропила или церебролизина и ждать приезда скорой.
Признаки ишемического инсульта:
1. Очень сильная головная боль.
2. Нарушение зрения на один или оба глаза.
3. Нарушение координации, головокружение, затруднение речи.
4. Резкое повышение давления.
5. Потеря чувствительности или онемение какой-либо части тела.
6. Полная потеря сознания или судороги.
Если вы заметили хоть один из этих признаков у ваших родных или знакомых, то нужно во-первых измерить давление ( или хотя бы пульс) и во-вторых провести тест УЗП .
Тест УЗП:
1. (У) — улыбка. Попросите больного улыбнуться . При инсульте улыбка становится неестественной из-за поражения лицевого нерва или перекошенной.
2. (З) — звук. Попросите больного произнести какую-нибудь простую фразу. При инсульте происходит нарушение речи.
3. (П) — подъем. Попросите больного поднять обе руки вверх при закрытых глазах и подержать их в таком положении секунд 10-15. При инсульте мышцы слабеют и руки падают вниз.
И еще существует один способ распознать инсульт. Попросите человека показать язык. Его нужно высунуть как можно сильнее. Если язык кривой или неправильной формы и заваливается на одну сторону, то это тоже призак инсульта. Нужно немедленно вызывать скорую помощь.
Многие люди просто не замечают инсульт, т.к. он имеет слабые проявления. Опасения должно вызывать высокое давление ( пульс больше 90 ударов в минуту) или склероз или провалы в памяти., частые головные боли или мигрени, особенно в одной половине головы. Если вы у себя или своих родных заметили такие признаки, то обязательно нужно показаться врачу и пройти обследование.
Инсульт в переводе с латинского означает «наскок». Так вот чтобы этот «наскок» не застал вас врасплох, нужно внимательно следить за своим состоянием и при проявления каких-либо из перечисленных выше признаков, проходить обследование.
И в заключении приведу один пример из реальной жизни.
Однажды моя подруга во время отдыха на природе споткнулась и упала… Друзья настаивали на вызове скорой помощи, но она заверила всех, что с ней все хорошо и она просто споткнулась о камень, так как еще не привыкла к новой обуви. Мы помогли ей отряхнуться и протянули новую тарелку с едой. Она продолжала наслаждаться отдыхом, несмотря на то, что казалась немного возбужденной.
Позже позвонил ее муж и сообщил, что его жену забрали в больницу, а в шесть часов вечера ее не стало. Во время пикника у нее случился инсульт. Если бы кто-нибудь знал, как установить признаки инсульта, может быть, сегодня она была бы с нами. Не умер бы кто-то еще. Вместо этого — чувство беспомощности, и нет надежды что-либо изменить…
Будьте здоровы!
Как это страшно, такие болезни. Давайте же будем здоровы.
Да, очень грустно. Желаю всем здоровья. Пусть оставят нас страшные болезни.
Страшная дело инсульт, но почему у подруги никто не заметил изменения улыбки или речи.
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Очень страшное заболевание, последствия самые неожиданные дает.
Инсульт — страшное явление и правильно, знания, которые Вы даете, могут спасти кому-то жизнь!
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Инсульт это страшное заболевание.Будьте здоровы!
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